Is it better to take a suitcase or a backpack?

Definitely a backpack. South American streets are often uneven, and local transport often requires stowing your bag in tight, dirty spaces where wheels are a liability.

Do I need a sleeping bag?

Only if you are planning specific high-altitude treks like the Salkantay or Huayhuash. Otherwise, rent one locally to save 2 kilograms of pack weight.

How do I keep my electronics safe?

Keep them in a daypack that stays on your lap during bus rides. Never put your camera or laptop in the under-bus storage compartments.

Solo Backpacking in South America: The Essential Packing Strategy

Pack a 45-50 liter internal frame backpack and limit your total weight to 10-12 kilograms to ensure you can carry it onto buses and through crowded markets. Focus on a layering system that works for both the humid Amazon and the freezing high-altitude Andes.

Select the Right Bag. Use a 45-50 liter backpack with a high-quality hip belt. Avoid hard-shell suitcases; they are impossible to maneuver on cobblestone streets or crowded South American buses.
Implement the Layering System. Bring one moisture-wicking base layer, a fleece or lightweight down jacket, and a reliable waterproof rain shell. Even in tropical regions, Andean bus rides are freezing due to aggressive air conditioning.
Prioritize Security Gear. Pack a thin money belt to wear under your clothes for your passport and emergency cash. Bring a 3-digit luggage padlock to secure your zippers and a cable lock to secure your bag to bus racks.
Streamline Your Footwear. Bring only two pairs of shoes: one pair of broken-in trail runners for hiking and city walking, and one pair of sturdy sandals (like Tevas or Chacos) for hostels and showers.

Is it better to take a suitcase or a backpack?: Definitely a backpack. South American streets are often uneven, and local transport often requires stowing your bag in tight, dirty spaces where wheels are a liability.
Do I need a sleeping bag?: Only if you are planning specific high-altitude treks like the Salkantay or Huayhuash. Otherwise, rent one locally to save 2 kilograms of pack weight.
How do I keep my electronics safe?: Keep them in a daypack that stays on your lap during bus rides. Never put your camera or laptop in the under-bus storage compartments.