How to layer clothing for mountain hiking
To stay comfortable, wear a moisture-wicking base layer, an insulating mid-layer for warmth, and a waterproof, wind-resistant outer shell. Layering allows you to add or remove clothing quickly as your activity level and the mountain weather change.
- Select a synthetic or wool base layer. Avoid cotton entirely, as it traps moisture and cools your body down. Choose a lightweight merino wool or synthetic long-sleeve top and leggings that pull sweat away from your skin.
- Add an insulating mid-layer. This layer traps body heat. A fleece jacket or a down/synthetic puffy vest works best. On very cold days, you can wear both a thin fleece under a puffy jacket.
- Pack a protective outer shell. This is your barrier against wind and rain. Ensure it is breathable but fully waterproof (look for GORE-TEX or similar proprietary tech). It should be loose enough to fit over your mid-layer.
- Adjust based on output. Remove your mid-layer before you start sweating heavily on a steep climb. Put it back on immediately when you stop for a break or reach a windy ridge to prevent your body temperature from dropping too fast.
- Why is cotton bad for hiking?
- Cotton absorbs moisture and holds it against your skin, which can lead to rapid heat loss and hypothermia when you stop moving or if the wind picks up.
- How do I know if my shell is breathable?
- Look for 'pit zips' (zippers under the armpits) and a high Moisture Vapor Transmission Rate (MVTR) rating on the manufacturer's spec sheet.