How to navigate public transit systems abroad

Use Google Maps or Citymapper to track routes in real-time, and always carry a local transit card or a contactless credit card for tap-to-pay functionality. Avoid buying single-use paper tickets whenever possible, as they are usually more expensive and less convenient than digital fare systems.

1. Download offline maps. Before you leave your accommodation's Wi-Fi, download the local transit map or your route in Google Maps. This ensures you can navigate even if you lose data connectivity while underground.
2. Identify the payment method. Check if the city uses a proprietary card (like London’s Oyster or Tokyo’s Suica) or open-loop payment (tapping a Visa/Mastercard). If you need a physical card, buy it at a station kiosk using a credit card to avoid carrying excessive local cash.
3. Understand fare zones. Check if the city charges a flat fare or by distance. If by distance, ensure you tap your card or ticket both when entering AND exiting, or you may be charged the maximum possible fare for that line.
4. Identify the direction. Do not look for the name of the destination on the train; look for the name of the final station at the end of the line in the direction you are traveling. This is the indicator used on all signage.

Should I buy a city tourist pass?

Only if it includes unlimited transit and you plan to hit at least three major attractions in one day. Otherwise, a standard 24-hour transit pass is almost always cheaper.

How do I know which train to board?

Use an app like Citymapper. It tells you which car (front, middle, or back) is closest to your exit, saving you time once you arrive at your destination.