How to understand airline carry-on restrictions

Carry-on restrictions vary by airline and route, but most allow one bag plus one personal item with size limits around 22x14x9 inches for the main bag. Check your specific airline's website before packing, as budget carriers often have stricter rules and fees.

  1. Check your airline's specific rules. Go directly to your airline's website and look up their carry-on policy. Don't rely on general advice - rules vary dramatically. Look for size limits (length x width x height), weight limits, and what counts as a personal item.
  2. Understand the two-bag system. Most airlines allow one carry-on bag plus one personal item. The carry-on goes in overhead bins, the personal item goes under the seat in front of you. Personal items include purses, laptop bags, small backpacks that fit under seats.
  3. Know standard size limits. Typical carry-on dimensions are 22 x 14 x 9 inches (56 x 36 x 23 cm), but this varies. Some airlines measure total linear inches (45-62 inches total). Budget airlines often have smaller limits like 20 x 16 x 8 inches.
  4. Check weight restrictions. Many international airlines have weight limits for carry-ons, typically 15-22 pounds (7-10 kg). US domestic flights rarely have weight limits for carry-on bags, but always check international routes.
  5. Research liquid rules. Follow the 3-1-1 rule for liquids: containers 3.4 oz (100ml) or smaller, all fitting in 1 quart-sized clear bag, 1 bag per passenger. This applies to toiletries, not medications or baby formula which have different rules.
  6. Verify prohibited items. Check TSA.gov (for US flights) or your departure country's aviation authority website for current prohibited items list. Rules change frequently and vary by country.
Can I bring a purse and a carry-on bag?
Yes, if your purse qualifies as a personal item (fits under the seat). Large purses may count as your carry-on bag, leaving you with just a personal item.
What happens if my bag is too big at the gate?
You'll be forced to check it and pay gate-check fees, typically $50-100. The airline may also remove items that don't fit, causing delays and potential loss.
Are carry-on rules the same for international flights?
No. International flights often have weight limits and stricter size requirements. Budget international carriers like Ryanair have particularly restrictive policies.
Can I bring food in my carry-on?
Solid foods are generally allowed. Liquid or gel-like foods (yogurt, honey, soup) must follow the 3-1-1 liquid rules. Check agriculture restrictions for international destinations.