Should I buy new clothes immediately?

Yes, but stick to essentials. Most airlines have a daily limit for 'reasonable expenses' while your bag is delayed.

How long until a bag is declared lost?

Most airlines officially declare a bag 'lost' after 21 days, though many will settle the claim sooner if they admit it is permanently gone.

Who pays for the replacement items?

The airline is liable under the Montreal Convention for international flights, but your travel insurance will often pay out faster for emergency purchases.

What to do when your luggage goes missing

Do not leave the baggage claim area before filing a Property Irregularity Report (PIR) with your airline's baggage desk. Keep a copy of the reference number and the airline's contact details, as you will need these to track your bag via their online portal.

Find the Baggage Service Office. Before exiting the secure area, locate your airline's baggage desk. If it is unstaffed, look for the generic 'Lost and Found' desk in the baggage claim area or call the number provided on your flight check-in receipt.
File a PIR. Complete a Property Irregularity Report (PIR). Be as specific as possible about the brand, color, and unique features of your suitcase. You must receive a tracking reference number before leaving the airport.
Request an essentials kit. Most international airlines provide an amenity kit or a cash voucher for basic toiletries if your bag is delayed overnight. Ask the agent explicitly if this is available.
Document everything. Keep a list of every item in your bag. If the bag is declared permanently lost, this list is necessary for your insurance claim and airline compensation request.
Use a tracker. If you have an AirTag or SmartTag inside, tell the airline staff exactly where the app says the bag is. It doesn't guarantee they will get it faster, but it keeps the pressure on them to investigate.

Should I buy new clothes immediately?: Yes, but stick to essentials. Most airlines have a daily limit for 'reasonable expenses' while your bag is delayed.
How long until a bag is declared lost?: Most airlines officially declare a bag 'lost' after 21 days, though many will settle the claim sooner if they admit it is permanently gone.
Who pays for the replacement items?: The airline is liable under the Montreal Convention for international flights, but your travel insurance will often pay out faster for emergency purchases.